Deflagrations Are Hard

• Laminar He flames move too slowly (~ 2 ×103 cm/s at 106 g cm-3) (Timmes 1999 ApJ)

• Convectively driven flames are promising.

• Accurate simulations requires resolving the structure of the burning layer.

  • Overall domain size is limited.
  • Front tracking methods require calibration of the subgrid models.