Jet-powered explosion of a red supergiant

The structure of Model J32 as the jet nears the surface 7820 seconds after core collapse. The total explosion energy at this time is 4.1 x 10⁵¹ ergs at this time, close to the final value. The theta velocity, radial velocity and logarithms of density and pressure are given with the minimum and maximum values for v_theta are -1.5 X 10⁹ and 1.5 X 10⁹, for radial velocity, v_r -6.7 X 10⁷ and 1.0 X 10¹⁰, for density, log density, -9 and -6.8, and for pressure, log P, 2.5 and 10.9, all in cgs units. The colors indicate the interpolation scale between minimum and maximum. Positive v_theta is motion away from the polar axis (theta = 0) along an arc of constant radius. The v_theta plot shows the expansion of the high pressure bubble blown by the jet sweeping around the star (red region) but also an inner region of collimation (blue, purple, and green). At r = 7 X 10¹³ cm the x-component of the velocity of the expansion shock is v_x = 2.0 X 10⁹ cm/s (compared to a sound speed of only 3 X 10⁶ cm/s), while the y-component is v_y = 9.6 X 10⁹ cm/s resulting in an aspect ratio for the bubble between 0.2 and 0.3. The velocity and pressure plots show a collimation of the jet flow near 10¹³ cm, well into the hydrogen envelope of the star, and evacuation of a low density column by the jet. Not however, the plug of high density material being shoved along by the jet.being shoved along by the jet.

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